Valda-Christine Glennie
  B.A.  B.Sc.  A.A.M.
H  I  S  T  O  R  Y
Base of  skull / carbon dust /  © Valda C.Glennie
Combining Medicine and Art :
Max Brodel, a German immigrant and artist with medical training, founded the first school of medical illustration at John Hopkins University in 1911. Over the next thirty years 160 students passed through Professor.Brodel's new school.  Maria Wishart of Toronto was one such student.
In 1945 Maria Wishart founded a 3-year diploma course in Medical Illustration at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, which was
in part academic and part apprenticeship. Students attended selected classes with medical students all the while working under Maria Wishart's guidance and using  Max Brodel's work as a model. Students also adopted artistic techniques taught by Professor Brodel including carbon dust, pen and ink and watercolor. Since the beginning of formalized medical art training, medical art has progressed from undergraduate to graduate status. Although medical art has grown rapidly allowing for the introduction of new courses and techniques, the University of Toronto is the only Canadian institution to offer a specialized university program in medical illustration.